Concentration Details

Metabolite
HMDB0004827 (Proline betaine)
Biospecimen
Urine
Status
Detected and Quantified
Data source
Referenced
Concentration
12.7 (1.645-23.7) umol/mmol creatinine
Age
Adult (>18 years old)
Sex
Both
Condition
Normal
References
    1. Chambers ST, Kunin CM: Isolation of glycine betaine and proline betaine from human urine. Assessment of their role as osmoprotective agents for bacteria and the kidney. J Clin Invest. 1987 Mar;79(3):731-7. [PubMed:3546377 ]